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【英文标准名称】:Safetyoflaserproducts-Part9:Compilationofmaximumpermissibleexposuretoincoherentopticalradiation
【原文标准名称】:激光产品的安全第9部分:非相干光辐射最大允许曝光量的汇集
【标准号】:IEC/TR60825-9-1999
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:国际
【发布日期】:1999-10
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:国际电工委员会(IX-IEC)
【起草单位】:IEC/TC76
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:光辐射;放射性照射;最大值;激光设备;激光辐射;抗激光辐射保护措施;激光束;指导手册;安全;电气工程
【英文主题词】:Accidentprevention;Definitions;Electricalengineering;Eyeprotectors;Eyes;Guidebooks;Infraredradiation;Laserbeams;Laserequipment;Laserradiation;Lasers;Lighthazards;Limits(mathematics);Maximumvalues;Measurement;Occupationalsafety;Operationalsafety;Opticalradiation;Photometry;Protectionagainstlaserradiation;Radiation;Radiationexposure;Radiationhazards;Radiationprotection;Retina;Risk;Safety;Safetyengineering;Safetyrequirements;Skin(body);Skinprotection;Specification(approval);Ultravioletradiation;Workplacesafety
【摘要】:ThisTechnicalReportreconcilescurrentMaximumPermissibleExposure(MPE)valuesfortheexposureofthehumaneyeandskintoincoherentopticalradiationfromartificialsourcesinthewavelengthrangefrom180nmto3000nmwiththeultimategoalofharmonisation.Exposurelimitsbetween3000nmand1mmwavelengtharecurrentlyundefined.Thesevaluesarebasedonthebestavailableinformationfromexperimentalstudiesandshouldbeusedonlyasguidesinthecontrolofexposuretoradiationfromartificialsourcesandshouldnotberegardedasapreciselinebetweensafeanddangerouslevels.NOTEThevaluesofthisreportareapplicabletomostindividuals,however,someindividualsmaybehypersusceptibleorotherwiseunusuallyresponsivetoopticalradiationbecauseofgeneticfactors,age,personalhabits(smoking,alcohol,orotherdrugs),medication,orpreviousexposures.Suchindividualsmaynotbeadequatelyprotectedfromadversehealtheffectsfromexposuretoopticalradiationatorbelowthemaximumpermissibleexposurevaluesofthisreport.Medicaladviseshouldbesoughttoevaluatetheextenttowhichadditionalprotectionisneeded.Thesevaluesweremainlydevelopedforexposuretoartificialsources.Theymayalsobeusedfortheevaluationofexposuretosunlight.TheMPEvaluesshouldnotbeapplicabletoexposureofpatientstoopticalradiationforthepurposeofmedicaltreatment.MaximumpermissibleexposurevaluesfortheexposuretoradiationfromlasersourcesaredefinedinIEC60825-1.NOTE1BasicdocumentsofthisreportwereIEC60825-1(addressinglasers)andtheIRPA/ICNIRPGuidelines(addressingincoherentsources).ACGIHlimitsareslightlydifferentinwavelengthrangesandinlimitvalues.NOTE2InspiteofthefactthatLEDsemitmainlyincoherentradiationtheyarecurrentlydealtwithinIEC60825-1.NOTE3Therearenodamagemechanismswhichareknowntobedifferentforcoherentandincoherentsources.However,inmanycasesthelimitvaluesinIEC60825-1aremoreconservativethanthevaluesinthisreport.ThisisespeciallytrueinwavelengthregionswherenolaserswereavailablewhenIEC60825-1wasoriginallydeveloped.NOTE4ExposurestolevelsattheMPEvaluesgivenmaybeuncomfortabletovieworfeelupontheskin.NOTE5IntheUV-BandUV-CspectralrangestheMPEvaluesapproachtheradiantexposuresproducingminimallydetectablebiologicalchangesinthesurfacecornealcells.Levelsproducingharmfuleffectsare2to3timesgreater.1Theobjectofthistechnicalreportistoprovideguidancefortheprotectionofpersonsfromincoherentopticalradiationinthewavelengthrangefrom180nmto1mmbyindicatingsafelevelsofopticalradiationwhicharebelievedtobesafeformostindividualsinthesensethatexposureatorbelowtheselevelswillcreatenoadverseeffects.Becauseonlylimitedknowledgeexistsabouttheeffectsofalong-termexposure,mostMPEsarebasedonacuteeffectsoftheopticalradiationexposureduringaneigthhoursworkday.2Toprovideproceduresandmethodshowthelevelofopticalradiationshouldbemeasuredandevaluatedforthepurposeofcomparisonwiththemaximumpermissibleexposure.
【中国标准分类号】:L51
【国际标准分类号】:13_280;31_260
【页数】:49P;A4
【正文语种】:英语


【英文标准名称】:Informationtechnology-InternationalstandardizedprofilesFVT2nn-Virtualterminalbasicclass-Registerofcontrolobjecttypedefinitions-FVT2114-Terminalsignaltitlescontrolobject
【原文标准名称】:信息技术.国际标准数据区FVT2nn.虚拟终端的基本分类.控制对象类型定义寄存器.第16部分:FVT2114.终端信号标题控制对象
【标准号】:BSISO/IECISP11185-16-1995
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:英国
【发布日期】:1995-11-15
【实施或试行日期】:1995-11-15
【发布单位】:英国标准学会(GB-BSI)
【起草单位】:BSI
【标准类型】:()
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:计算机应用;通信规程;数据传送;信息交流;计算机间通信;应用层(开放系统互连);计算机软件;句法;开放系统互连
【英文主题词】:Dataprocessing;Informationinterchange;Informationtechnology;Networkinterconnection;OSI;Standardizedprofiles
【摘要】:1GeneralTheconceptofProfilesforOSI,andthestructureoftheInternationalStandardizedProfilesthatdocumentthem,aredefinedinISO/IECTR10000-1.SuchProfilesaredividedintoanumberofdifferentclassesandsub-classes.Twooftheseclassescontainsub-classescomprisingfunctionsoftheVirtualTerminalBasicClassServiceandProtocolspecifiedinthebasestandardsISO9040andISO9041.ThesearetheApplicationProfiles(A-Profiles)andtheInterchangeFormatandRepresentationProfiles(F-Profiles).TherelationshipbetweenA-ProfilesandF-Profilesisdescribedin7.3.2ofISO/IECTR10000-1andisasfollows.ApplicationLayerbasestandardsrequire,implicitlyorexplicitly,thestructureofinformationcarriedorreferencedbythemtobespecifiedforeachinstanceofcommunication.ItisthepurposeofF-Profilestospecifysuchinformationstructures.ParticularfunctionalrequirementsmaythenbemetbythecombinationofanA-ProfilewithoneormoreF-Profiles.EstablishmentofaVT-associationinvolvestheselectionbynegotiationofaparticularVirtualTerminalEnvironmentprofile(VTE-profile),andofparticularvaluesforanyargumentsofthatVTE-profile.TheVTE-profilespecification,andpossiblyalsothevaluesofcertainVTE-profilearguments,mayinturnreferencethedefinitionsofVTcontrolobjecttypesandassignmenttypes.TheseVTE-profiles,controlobjecttypesandassignmenttypesarethusinformationstructuresthatrequireexplicitreferencewithintheVTprotocol.Particularinstancesofthesestructuresarefullydefinedwithinthebasestandards,butthebasestandardsalsoprovideforfurtherinstancestobedefinedbyregistration.EachregisteredinstanceconstitutesanF-ProfilewithintheframeworkofISO/IECTR10000.TheVirtualTerminalBasicClassServiceandProtocolmaybeusedtorealiseawiderangeofdistinctfunctions.ParticularfunctionsmayberealisedthroughtheselectionofappropriateVTfunctionalunits,F-ProfilesandotherVTE-profileargumentvalues.ThespecificationoftheselectionrequiredtorealiseaparticularfunctionandtopromoteinteroperabilityconstitutesaVirtualTerminalA-ProfilewithintheframeworkofISO/IECTR10000.ThethreeInternationalRegistersofVTinformationstructuresandthespecificationsofVTApplicationProfilesareeachpublishedasaseparatemulti-partISPasfollows:—ISO/IECISP11184istheRegisterofVTE-profiles:—ISO/IECISP11185istheRegisterofcontrolobjecttypedefinitions;—ISO/IECISP11186istheRegisterofassignment-typedefinitions;—ISO/IECISP11187containsthespecificationsofVTApplicationProfiles.ThispartofISO/IECISP11185containsthedefinitionofacontrolobjecttypethatmaybeusedbyanApplicationVT-Usertoassociatetitles,intendedtobemeaningfultoahumanuseratanend-terminalsystem,withanyoftheterminalsignalssupportedbytheSequencedandUnsequencedTerminalCOtypes(taxonomyidentifiersFVT213andFVT214)definedinpart2ofISO/IECISP11185.2PositionwithinthetaxonomyThetaxonomyofInternationalStandardizedProfilesforOSIislaiddowninISO/IECTR10000-2.Withintheclassificationschemeofthistaxonomy,theOSIProfilesspecifiedinthisInternationalStandardizedProfileareintheVirtualTerminalRegisteredObjectsub-classoftheclassofInterchangeFormatandRepresentationProfiles.AProfilewithinthissubclasshasaProfileidentifieroftheformFVTabc,whereabcisastructurednumericalidentifierthatidentifiesthepositionoftheProfilewithineachofthethreelevelsofsubdivisionofthesubclass.Thevaluesofaandbaresingledigitsbutcisanintegerthatisnotnecessarilyasingledigit.InprincipletheISOvirtualTerminalmodelallowsformultipleclassesofoperation,althoughatthetimeofpublicationofthisInternationalStandardizedProfileonlytheBas
【中国标准分类号】:L78
【国际标准分类号】:35_100_05
【页数】:20P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语